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Human geography questions that make me laugh and cry at the same time...
1. Define the term central place.
A settlement that develops in order to provide a market function for the surrounding countryside.
2. Describe and explain the settlement hierarchy of a named area that you have studied.
Bristol is the regional centre and has a wide range of functions and a population of over 250,000. Below that the city of Bath with a population of 100,000 is on the second rank but it is unusual not to have at least another settlement of similar size and function. Middle tier market centres are much more common including Trowbridge, Chippenham, Radstock and several others. Then comes a much larger number of market towns. Each of these rungs on the hierarchy perform fewer functions than the one rung above although these days different retail patterns have emerged and central places have developed in different ways.
3. In what ways do the rural-urban migrants in LEDCs differ from those in the MEDCs?
LEDC migrants are usually poorer and less skilled, and predominantly young males; MEDC migrants are of greater variety. Many LEDC migrants have no choice given the lack of rural opportunities; MEDC migrants may be entering higher education or moving up promotion ladder to primate city.
4. Suggest economic reasons for the predicted fall in the rate of population increase in Asia.
Falling birth rate is caused by urbanisation and industrialisation; there is reduced need for children as economic contributers to household as peasant societies disintegrate. Also, the costs of having children increases due to compulsory education.
5. Suggest social reasons for the predicted decline in Europe's population.
Later marriages causing falling fertility rates. Larger percentage of women in full-time education, so have more access to employment. Ageing populations lead to a higher death rate. Education about contraception is more widespread.
6. Define the term underpopulation.
A state when an increase in population would lead to an increased in general welfare and health.
7. With reference to located examples, describe and explain the consequences of underpopulation.
Australia has encouraged in-migration for many years because it has skills shortages in vital areas and many resources that cannot be fully exploited (e.g. uranium). Underpopulation has also led to high wages and shortage of key services in some areas with long distances to travel making life expensive; in addition, service thresholds are not met. In countries such as France, pro-natalist population policies have been implemented in order to increase the population.
8. What are urban models?
A simplification of reality retaining the main features but removing the detail of real cities. Examples include Burgess and Hoyt.
9. Describe and explain the variety of challenges encountered in receiving countries by different groups of international migrants.
Some migrants who arrive are entering highly paid jobs in places like Silicon Valley. They often speak English and coming from countries like India they have an understanding of western culture. On the other hand the poor Mexican migrants frequently experience racism and are often exploited with low wages and poor working conditions. Besides racism, religious and political discrimination may also be important. In general, these challenges subside over time as migrants pick up skills and culture of the receiving country.
10. Define the term threshold population.
The population required to sustain a service or to maintain its viability.
11. Describe and explain the application and limitations of gravity models in prediction migration flows.
Okay, I give up. Why do geographers have to make up such useless models and make us students suffer to think of limitations of them?! Geographers are trying to make up formulae and models in order to fit in the science realm, but do not succeed. They fail to realise that they are studying irrational humans.
1. Define the term central place.
A settlement that develops in order to provide a market function for the surrounding countryside.
2. Describe and explain the settlement hierarchy of a named area that you have studied.
Bristol is the regional centre and has a wide range of functions and a population of over 250,000. Below that the city of Bath with a population of 100,000 is on the second rank but it is unusual not to have at least another settlement of similar size and function. Middle tier market centres are much more common including Trowbridge, Chippenham, Radstock and several others. Then comes a much larger number of market towns. Each of these rungs on the hierarchy perform fewer functions than the one rung above although these days different retail patterns have emerged and central places have developed in different ways.
3. In what ways do the rural-urban migrants in LEDCs differ from those in the MEDCs?
LEDC migrants are usually poorer and less skilled, and predominantly young males; MEDC migrants are of greater variety. Many LEDC migrants have no choice given the lack of rural opportunities; MEDC migrants may be entering higher education or moving up promotion ladder to primate city.
4. Suggest economic reasons for the predicted fall in the rate of population increase in Asia.
Falling birth rate is caused by urbanisation and industrialisation; there is reduced need for children as economic contributers to household as peasant societies disintegrate. Also, the costs of having children increases due to compulsory education.
5. Suggest social reasons for the predicted decline in Europe's population.
Later marriages causing falling fertility rates. Larger percentage of women in full-time education, so have more access to employment. Ageing populations lead to a higher death rate. Education about contraception is more widespread.
6. Define the term underpopulation.
A state when an increase in population would lead to an increased in general welfare and health.
7. With reference to located examples, describe and explain the consequences of underpopulation.
Australia has encouraged in-migration for many years because it has skills shortages in vital areas and many resources that cannot be fully exploited (e.g. uranium). Underpopulation has also led to high wages and shortage of key services in some areas with long distances to travel making life expensive; in addition, service thresholds are not met. In countries such as France, pro-natalist population policies have been implemented in order to increase the population.
8. What are urban models?
A simplification of reality retaining the main features but removing the detail of real cities. Examples include Burgess and Hoyt.
9. Describe and explain the variety of challenges encountered in receiving countries by different groups of international migrants.
Some migrants who arrive are entering highly paid jobs in places like Silicon Valley. They often speak English and coming from countries like India they have an understanding of western culture. On the other hand the poor Mexican migrants frequently experience racism and are often exploited with low wages and poor working conditions. Besides racism, religious and political discrimination may also be important. In general, these challenges subside over time as migrants pick up skills and culture of the receiving country.
10. Define the term threshold population.
The population required to sustain a service or to maintain its viability.
11. Describe and explain the application and limitations of gravity models in prediction migration flows.
Okay, I give up. Why do geographers have to make up such useless models and make us students suffer to think of limitations of them?! Geographers are trying to make up formulae and models in order to fit in the science realm, but do not succeed. They fail to realise that they are studying irrational humans.
posted by Eau at 12:27 pm
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